Immunoadjuvant and Humoral Immune Responses of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Lectins upon Systemic and Mucosal Administration in BALB/c Mice

Shruthishree, D. Padiyappa and Hemavathi, Avalappa and Madhusudana, Somegowda and Sridhara, Shankarappa and Venkatesh, Yeldur P. and Prabhakar, Bettadatunga T. and Pramod, Siddanakoppalu N. and Mona, S. Almujaydil and Shadi, Shokralla and Ashraf M., M. Abdelbacki and Hosam, O. Elansary and Ahmed, M. El-Sabrout and Eman, A. Mahmoud (2022) Immunoadjuvant and Humoral Immune Responses of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Lectins upon Systemic and Mucosal Administration in BALB/c Mice. Molecules, 27. pp. 1-20.

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Abstract

Dietary food components have the ability to affect immune function; following absorption, specifically orally ingested dietary food containing lectins can systemically modulate the immune cells and affect the response to self- and co-administered food antigens. The mannose-binding lectins from garlic (Allium sativum agglutinins; ASAs) were identified as immunodulatory proteins in vitro. The objective of the present study was to assess the immunogenicity and adjuvanticity of garlic agglutinins and to evaluate whether they have adjuvant properties in vivo for a weak antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Garlic lectins (ASA I and ASA II) were administered by intranasal (50 days duration) and intradermal (14 days duration) routes, and the anti-lectin and anti-OVA immune (IgG) responses in the control and test groups of the BALB/c mice were assessed for humoral immunogenicity. Lectins, co-administered with OVA, were examined for lectin-induced anti-OVA IgG response to assess their adjuvant properties. The splenic and thymic indices were evaluated as a measure of immunomodulatory functions. Intradermal administration of ASA I and ASA II had showed a four-fold and two-fold increase in anti-lectin IgG response, respectively, vs. the control on day 14. In the intranasal route, the increases were 3-fold and 2.4-fold for ASA I and ASA II, respectively, on day 50. No decrease in the body weights of animals was noticed; the increases in the spleen and thymus weights, as well as their indices, were significant in the lectin groups. In the adjuvanticity study by intranasal administration, ASA I co-administered with ovalbumin (OVA) induced a remarkable increase in anti-OVA IgG response (~six-fold; p < 0.001) compared to the control, and ASA II induced a four-fold increase vs. the control on day 50. The results indicated that ASA was a potent immunogen which induced mucosal immunogenicity to the antigens that were administered intranasally in BALB/c mice. The observations made of the in vivo study indicate that ASA I has the potential use as an oral and mucosal adjuvant to deliver candidate weak antigens. Further clinical studies in humans are required to confirm its applicability.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	adjuvanticity; agglutinin; garlic lectins; immunogenicity; immunomodulatory; BALB/c mice; ASA I and II; ovalbumin
Subjects:	600 Technology > 01 Medical sciences > 10 Immunology 600 Technology > 08 Food technology > 30 Spices/Condiments
Divisions:	Dept. of Biochemistry
Depositing User:	Somashekar K S
Date Deposited:	18 Dec 2025 11:17
Last Modified:	18 Dec 2025 11:17
URI:	http://ir.cftri.res.in/id/eprint/20213

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