Green approaches for the synthesis of silver Nanoparticle and its Augmentation in Seed Germination, Growth, and Antioxidant Level in Capsicum annuum L.

Eco-friendly natural nano-compounds, including biological extracts from
Aspergillus niger, Azadirachta indica, and Moringa oleifera are known for their efficacy. Silver
nanoparticles (AgNPs) improve seed germination, plant growth, and photosynthetic efficiency.
This study focuses on how bio-silver may affect the development and physiology of Capsicum
annuum L., specifically bio-silver nano priming with different quantities of synthesised
nanoparticles. Nano priming improved seed germination (90-100%), seedling length (53%),
seedling weight (75%), seedling vigour index (65%), as well as germination speed and index. The
phytochemicals significantly increased chlorophyll (6-145%), carotenoids (19-138%), TPC (12-
74%), and TFC (7-80%), all of which support plant growth. Nano priming also enhanced TAA (7–
67%) and FRAP (7–57%). The total protein content (18-111%) increased, promoting enzyme
activity and plant development. Nano-priming increased ROS generation in seedlings more than
the control and other priming treatments. This indicates that both ROS, including SOD (2-36%)
and POD (2-72%), play crucial roles in seedling growth. The various mechanisms involved in
nano priming-induced ROS/antioxidant systems in seedlings, such as the production of proline
content (7-154%) and the decrease in MDA (1-15%), all contribute to the regulation of
nanoparticle-generated stress.