Prospects of novel heterogeneous base catalysts and nanocatalysts in achieving sustainable biodiesel production

Dhnyaneshwar Raising, Rathod and Sandesh Suresh, Karkal and Akil Salim, Jamadar and Aliaa Hashem, M. A. and Suresh, P. V. and Mamatha, S. S. and Tanaji Kudre, G. (2024) Prospects of novel heterogeneous base catalysts and nanocatalysts in achieving sustainable biodiesel production. International Journal of Green Energy, 21 (5). pp. 1017-1042.

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Abstract

The present review primarily focuses on the perspectives and state-of-the-art of heterogeneous catalysts, nanocatalysts, biocatalysts, bifunctional catalysts, metal-organic frameworks (MOF), and covalent organic frameworks (COF) for biodiesel production. The environmental concern associated with nonrenewable fossil fuels has led to finding alternative energy sources that can be used to meet global energy demands. Biofuels such as biodiesel are one of the energy sources that could replace fossil fuels. The homogeneous acid and base catalysts are generally used for commercial biodiesel production. However, homogeneous catalysts have downsides such as toxicity, corrosion, soap formation, high wastewater output, and non-reusability. Consequently, heterogeneous acid and base catalysts have been introduced that are less sensitive to moisture and free fatty acids (FFAs), easily separated and recovered, and reusable. Recently, novel catalysts such as waste biomass-derived mesoporous heterogeneous catalysts, chemically synthe­sized heterogeneous catalysts, metal ion-doped heterogeneous catalysts, bifunctional acid-base cata­ lysts, and carbonaceous char-supported hetero catalysts, nanocatalysts, MOF and COF catalysts have potential to replace homogeneous base catalysts, aid in sustainable and cost-effective biodiesel produc­tion. This review provides insights into the recent advancement of various catalysts, catalyst preparation and operations, type of catalysts and suitability, catalyst efficiency, life cycle assessment, catalyst-associated challenges, and prospects for sustainable biodiesel production

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodiesel production; biodiesel catalyst types; catalyst comparison; life-cycle assessment; future prospective
Subjects:	600 Technology > 09 Industrial oils, fats, waxes, gases
Divisions:	Food Protectants and Infestation Control
Depositing User:	Somashekar K S
Date Deposited:	20 Jan 2025 06:53
Last Modified:	20 Jan 2025 06:53
URI:	http://ir.cftri.res.in/id/eprint/18927

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