Carbonic anhydrase mediated carbon dioxide sequestration: Promises, challenges and future prospects.

Anthropogenic activities have substantially increased the level of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the
atmosphere and are contributing significantly to the global warming. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one
of the major GHGs which plays a key role in the climate change. Various approaches and
methodologies are under investigation to address CO2 capture and sequestration worldwide.
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) mediated CO2 sequestration is one of the promising options. Therefore,
the present review elaborates recent developments in CA, its immobilization and bioreactor
methodologies towards CO2 sequestration using the CA enzyme. The promises and challenges
associated with the efficient utilization of CA for CO2 sequestration and scale up from flask to labscale
bioreactor are critically discussed. Finally, the current review also recommends the possible
future needs and directions to utilize CA for CO2 sequestration.