Effect of feeding lipids recovered from fish processing waste by lactic acid fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis on antioxidant and membrane bound enzymes in rats.

Fish oil recovered from fresh water fish visceral
waste (FVW-FO) through lactic acid fermentation (FO-LAF)
and enzymatic hydrolysis (FO-EH) were fed to rats to study
their influence on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant
and membrane bound enzyme in liver, heart and brain.
Feeding of FO-LAF and FO-EH resulted in increase (P<0.05)
in lipid peroxides level in serum, liver, brain and heart tissues
compared to ground nut oil (control). Activity of catalase (40–
235 %) and superoxide dismutase (17–143 %) also increased
(P<0.05) with incremental level of EPA+DHA in diet. The
increase was similar to cod liver oil fed rats at same concentration
of EPA+DHA. FO-LAF and FO-EH increased
(P<0.05) the Na+K+ ATPase activity in liver and brain microsomes,
Ca+Mg+ ATPase in heartmicrosome and acetylcholine
esterase in brain microsomes when fed with 5 % EPA+DHA.
There was also significant change in fatty acid composition
and cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in microsomes of rat fed
with FVW-FO. Feeding FVW-FO recovered by biotechnological
approaches enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes
in tissues, modulates the activities of membrane bound enzymes
and improved the fatty acid composition in microsomes
of tissues similar to CLO. Utilization of these processing
wastes for the production of valuable biofunctional
products can reduce the mounting economic values of fish
oil and minimize the environmental pollution problems.