Identification of Extraction Conditions for Determination of Phenolic Contents of Garden Cress Seed (Lepidium sativum L.) and Its Milled Fractions

Garden cress seed (Lepidium sativum L.) is an
important medicinal source used in traditional medicine for
the treatment of various diseases. Polyphenols are well known
for their health benefits. They have antioxidant activity and
free radical scavenging ability. A diet rich in plant polyphenols
gives protection against the development of cancers,
cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative
diseases. This investigation was conducted to identify
the extraction conditions of polyphenols from whole
garden cress (Gc) seeds and to estimate the total polyphenol
content (TPC) of its milled fractions. In this study, a set of
single-factor experiment was carried out for identifying the
optimum condition of each independent variable affecting the
extraction of total phenolic content (TPC) from whole Gc
seeds, namely the solvent, extraction temperature and extraction
time. HCl–methanol (1 %) as solvent at 60 °C for 70 min
(×3) was observed as optimized condition to extract maximum
TPC (2068 mg GAE/100 g) from Gc seeds. TPC of whole Gc
seed, seed coat and dehulled Gc seed was 2,081, 895 and
2,514 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The result is useful for the
development of Gc seed-based polyphenol-rich health food
formulation.