Immunogenicity characterization of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat varieties related to celiac disease and wheat allergy.

Wheat is one of the major cereals consumed throughout the world;
there has been a radical increase in the population suffering from
many wheat-related disorders. The present study was conducted
to screen low immunogenic hexaploid and tetraploid wheat
varieties. A total of 34 different wheat varieties were tested for its
total protein content, gliadin content and immunoreactivity with
immunoglobulins of celiac (IgA) and wheat allergy patients (IgE).
The wheat varieties HD-2851 and NIAW-917 (hexaploid) and
NIDW-295, UAS-428, PDW-291, MPO-1215 and DDK-1025
(tetraploid) were found to be less immunoreactive varieties for
both celiac and wheat allergy patients. The immunoblot assays for
IgE reactivity have revealed that gliadin subunits present in all
varieties are found to be allergic proteins. The principal
component analysis biplot showed that tetraploid wheat varieties
are less immunoreactive than hexaploids. The low immunogenic
wheat varieties are suitable for plant breeding and preparation of
low gluten or hypo-immunogenic products.