Sesame Oil and Rice Bran Oil Ameliorates Adjuvant‑Induced Arthritis in Rats: Distinguishing the Role of Minor Components and Fatty Acids.

Though present in small amounts, the minor
constituents of dietary oils may supplement the dietary
therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Hence, in the present
study, we assessed the effect of minor constituents
from sesame oil (SO) and rice bran oil (RBO) and their
fatty acids on the severity of adjuvant-induced arthritis in
experimental rats. Rats were gavaged with 1 mL of SO or
RBO or groundnut oil (GNO, control) with or without its
minor components for a period 15 days before and 15 days
after the induction of arthritis. Oxidative stress, markers
of RA, eicosanoids, cytokines, paw swelling and joint
integrity were measured in experimental and control rats.
Results demonstrated that native SO and RBO but not SO
and RBO stripped of their minor components decreased
severity of paw inflammation, oxidative stress (lipid peroxides,
protein carbonyls, nitric oxide), RA markers (RF and
CRP), inflammatory eicosanoids (PGE2, LTB4 and LTC4)
and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α) compared
to control rats. Native SO and RBO inhibited hydrolytic
enzymes (collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase) in the
synovial tissue compared to SO and RBO without minor
components. The arthritic scores assessed based on the
digital and X-ray images indicated that native oils but not
those without their minor components reduced the paw
swelling and bone loss. Our results indicated that minor
components of SO and RBO possess a significant degree of an anti-arthritic effect and are responsible for down regulating
inflammation in the experimentally induced arthritis in
rats.