In vitro validation studies for adhesion factor and adhesion efficiency of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis MCC 2514 and Bifidobacterium breve NCIM 5671 on HT‑29 cell lines.

Abstract
Probiotic bacterial adhesion to the epithelial cell is a composite process and in vivo adhesion studies can be strengthened with
the improved in vitro models for preliminary screening of potentially adherent strains. With this rationale, the study aimed
is the first report to demonstrate the colonizing efficiency of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis MCC 2514 in comparison to
Bifidobacterium breve NCIM 5671on HT-29 cell line. B. licheniformis (54.28 ± 0.99%) and Bif. breve (70.23 ± 0.85%) adhered
in a higher percentage on fibronectin and mucin, respectively. However, the adhesion was higher for B. licheniformis when
compared to Bif. breve. In adhesion score, B. licheniformis obtained about 138.85 ± 12.32, whereas Bif. breve got the score
of 43.05 ± 9.12. The same trend continued in the adhesion percentage study, where B. licheniformis adhered 75.5 ± 5.2%,
higher than Bif. breve which adhered 32.66 ± 3.2%. In invasion assay, both the bacteria significantly decreased the colonization
of the pathogen Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 about 97.32 ± 0.81% in the competitive assay, 97.87 ± 0.73% in
exclusion assay and 82.19 ± 2.51% in displacement assay. The cytotoxicity effects of the test bacterial strains against HT-29
cell line through MTT assay determined no viability loss in the treated cells. Therefore, the data obtained from the in vitro
studies showed that both B. licheniformis and Bif. breve had shown significantly good invasion on pathogen and adhesion
capacity on HT-29 cell line.