Detection of Ochratoxin by Immunoassay

Sindhu, S. (2006) Detection of Ochratoxin by Immunoassay. [Student Project Report]

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Abstract

This Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page.

Item Type:	Student Project Report
Additional Information:	Mycotoxins are a chemically diverse group of toxic secondary metabolites that are produced in agricultural commodities by fungi. The toxins may be elaborated after harvest during storage or during processing. Because of their wide range of toxic effects, mycotoxins cause severe economic losses to farmers and livestock producers and pose a health threat to humans consuming contaminated foods. Since little can be done to control the biological and climatic factors that contribute to the presence of mycotoxins in agricultural commodities, detection and diversion are the most prudent means for preventing their entry into the food chain. Mycotoxins may be aflatoxins, elaborated by species of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius; ochratoxins secreted by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum, Fusarium toxins by Fusarium species or Penicillium toxins by Penicillium species. Among these aflatoxins occupy a major place followed by ochratoxins. Ochratoxin contamination has been reported in cereals, coffee and animal feed as well as in pig tissues and pig blood (Saeger and Peteghem, 1999). Ingestion of contaminated products can result in toxic syndromes in humans and animals. Ochratoxin A has carcinogenic, genotoxic,immunosuppressive, nephrotoxic and teratogenic properties (Goodman and Scott,1989, Pesda 1994, Smith et al, 1994, Smith et al, 1995). Maximum tolerated levels of ochratoxin range from 1 to 50 8g/ Kg for food and 100 to 1000 8g / Kg for animal feed. (FAO 1997, Van Egmond 1991). The European Union has fixed the permitted limit of ochratoxin level to be 40 8g/ Kg in cereals (Smith et al., 1994). To enforce these regulations it is necessary that the amount of ochratoxin in food and feed have to be measured. Conventional analytical methods that have been developed over the past 25 years typically employ the biological assay, thin-layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, or mass spectrometry. While a mixture of pure mycotoxins is relatively simple to resolve using these techniques, problems occur when analyses are conducted against the complex background of peanuts, corn, wheat, cottonseed, milk or clinical samples and also problems in handling large number of samples. Overcoming interference involves extensive clean- up and may require liquid- liquid partition, column chromatography, and precipitation and evaporation steps. In conducting clean- up and analysis, the analyst is exposed to large quantities of potentially toxic solvents. Instrumentation requirements can range from a simple ultraviolet viewing box to an expensive mass spectrometer. The end result is a lengthy and costly procedure that severely limits the number of samples that can be routinely analyzed. The objective was to develop a rapid, visual, qualitative assay for ochratoxin in food and feed samples. The work describes the titre determination of antibodies raised against Ochratoxin A (IgG and IgY) and the immuno-detection technique.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ochratoxin Immunoassay Mycotoxins
Subjects:	600 Technology > 05 Chemical engineering > 04 Fermentation Technology 500 Natural Sciences and Mathematics > 07 Life Sciences > 04 Microbiology > 04 Fungi
Divisions:	Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering
Depositing User:	Food Sci. & Technol. Information Services
Date Deposited:	16 Mar 2007
Last Modified:	28 Dec 2011 09:26
URI:	http://ir.cftri.res.in/id/eprint/460

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