Evaluation of Nanoencapsulated Eugenol for its effect on Tau aggregation and related cellular markers of Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer’s is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder most often marked by
irreversible memory loss and cognitive decline that affects behaviour, speech, visuospatial
orientation and the motor system of an individual. It is estimated that the AD’s dementia would
increase from 57.4 million to 152.8 million cases by 2050 globally. The pathological hallmarks
of AD include abnormal deposition of extracellular Amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular tau
aggregates. Tau is a small protein of 441 amino acids and plays a major role in regulation of
cell signalling, synaptic plasticity and genomic stability. However, during AD, tau undergoes
various modifications such as hyperphosphorylation, glycation, glycosylation, polyaminations
and self-aggregation leading to aberrant accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). A
number of clinical trials on patients with AD symptoms have indicated the effectiveness of
Tau-based therapies over anti-Aβ treatments. Thus, there is a huge paradigm shift towards Tau
aggregation inhibitors.