Dual-action of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran-3-one (Coffee Furanone) as a natural fumigant and antimicrobial agent for stored grain protection

Stored grain pests and microbial contamination significantly impact global food security by contributing to post-
harvest losses. This study investigates the dual-action efficacy of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-one (coffee fur-
anone) as a natural fumigant and antimicrobial agent. At 425 μg/L, it caused 87 % and 81 % mortality in
Callosobruchus chinensis and Sitophilus oryzae, respectively, within 72 h, showing dose and species dependent
responses. Coffee furanone also demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella
enterica, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. Phytotoxicity tests confirmed its safety, with enhanced seed
germination observed. Enzyme assays showed significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and gluta-
thione S-transferase (GST) in S. oryzae, while molecular docking revealed stable binding to AChE active sites.
These findings suggest that coffee furanone is a promising, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fumigants for
integrated pest and microbial management in stored grains. Further studies are warranted to assess formulation
stability and scalability for practical field applications.